Regulation of ribosomal DNA transcription by insulin.

Nuclear Architecture and Epigenetics of Lineage Choice

Differentiation is an epigenetic process which is installed by changes of transcriptional programs over successive cellular divisions. A number of studies have reported the effects of biochemical modifications of chromatin (DNA and chromatin proteins) on the regulation of transcription. Although, these studies are able to explain how transcription of a given gene is regulated (toward activation...

INVESTIGATION OF METHYLATION OF TNF-Α GENE PROMOTER IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

Background: Type II diabetes is a chronic inflammatory condition that is associated with a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Tumor necrosis factor alpha or TNF-α as an adipocyte cytokine, which affects the signaling pathway of insulin, can contribute to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes patients. Considering the importance of epigenetic changes in multifactorial diseases, th...

Down Regulation of DHFR Promoter Activity by PML Transcription Repressor

Genetic identification of factors that modulate ribosomal DNA transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is transcribed from the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes by RNA polymerase I (Pol I). Despite being responsible for the majority of transcription in growing cells, Pol I regulation is poorly understood compared to Pol II. To gain new insights into rDNA transcriptional regulation, we developed a genetic assay in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that detects alterations in transcription fr...

Regulation of ribosomal RNA expression across the lifespan is fine-tuned by maternal diet before implantation

Cells and organisms respond to nutrient deprivation by decreasing global rates of transcription, translation and DNA replication. To what extent such changes can be reversed is largely unknown. We examined the effect of maternal dietary restriction on RNA synthesis in the offspring. Low protein diet fed either throughout gestation or for the preimplantation period alone reduced cellular RNA con...

Exocytosis of insulin promotes insulin gene transcription via the insulin receptor/PI-3 kinase/p70 s6 kinase and CaM kinase pathways.

The control of glucose homeostasis by insulin requires, in addition to the glucose-induced insulin release, a highly dynamic control of insulin biosynthesis. Although elevated glucose concentrations have been shown to trigger insulin biosynthesis at the levels of transcription and translation, the molecular mechanisms underlying the immediate transcriptional control are poorly understood. By in...